Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Urban PM 2.5 at Realistic Environmental Concentrations Impairs Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Enhances LOX-1 Expression in Human Brain Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.29.702473

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Physiological rationale: Ambient PM2.5 exposure is epidemiologically linked to increased ischemic stroke risk. This in vitro model simulates the real-life scenario of pre-existing PM2.5 exposure followed by ischemic stroke and subsequent reperfusion. B . Primary adult male HBMEC were exposed to 5, 15, 75, or 300 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 for 48h in total. To compare with the effects of physiological ischemic-like injury, some plates were exposed to hypoxia (1% O 2 ) and glucose deprived media (HGD) for 3h after the initial 24h incubation. Following HGD or normoxia, cells were reperfused with nutrient-enriched media and incubated with PM 2.5 at normoxic (21% O 2 ) conditions as a reference for resolution of ischemia. Barrier integrity, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and LOX-1 expression was assessed. Figure created in BioRender.

Article Snippet: Primary adult male HBMEC were purchased from Innoprot (Spain, Catalog number: P10361, Lot number: 111224CS).

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Urban PM 2.5 at Realistic Environmental Concentrations Impairs Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Enhances LOX-1 Expression in Human Brain Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.29.702473

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adult male HBMEC were exposed to vehicle or PM 2.5 (5, 15, 75, or 300 μg/m 3 ) for 24h and incubated for 3h in normoxia- or hypoxia and glucose deprivation (HGD) followed by 24h reperfusion. A . Live cell count (CyQUANT nuclear stain) decreased when exposed to ≥75 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 compared to vehicle. HGD treatment reduced live cell count compared to normoxia but did not differ between particle treated groups. B . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal (DCHF-DA) normalized to live cell count. Relative ROS levels increased dose-dependently with PM 2.5 concentration, with significant increase observed at PM 2.5 ≥75 μg/m 3 , in comparison to normoxia vehicle. ROS levels were uniformly elevated following HGD across all doses in comparison to normoxia vehicle and significantly higher than untreated HBMEC. (n=12 technical replicates for vehicle and 5, n=8 technical replicates for 15, 75 and 300) C . Analysis of crystal violet-stained HBMEC shows a longer maximum cellular length when treated with ≥15 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 . (n=21-37 individual cells) D . Representative images of crystal violet-stained HBMEC visualizing a differentiated morphology in cells treated with higher PM 2.5 concentration, where cells appear more elongated and expanding towards neighbouring cells. Data presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance assessed through Kruskal-Wallis test within treatment groups (Normoxia/HGD) and Mann-Whitney test between groups with different treatment (300 normoxia/vehicle HGD). *p<0.05. ***p<0.001. ****p<0.0001.

Article Snippet: Primary adult male HBMEC were purchased from Innoprot (Spain, Catalog number: P10361, Lot number: 111224CS).

Techniques: Incubation, Cell Characterization, CyQUANT Assay, Staining, Concentration Assay, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Urban PM 2.5 at Realistic Environmental Concentrations Impairs Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Enhances LOX-1 Expression in Human Brain Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.29.702473

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western Blot assessment of adult male HBMEC exposed to vehicle, 5, 15, 75, or 300 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 during normoxia or ischemic-like injury with hypoxia, glucose deprivation and reperfusion (HGD). A . Representative Western Blot image of IL-6 and β-actin band migration. B . Signal quantification of 25kDa IL-6 shows no difference between PM 2.5 exposure or HGD treated group. C . Signal quantification of 17kDa IL-6 shows dose-dependency with higher IL-6 expression from higher PM 2.5 exposure, with significant increase ≥75 μg/m 3 and from HGD treatment compared to vehicle. D . Representative Western Blot image of LOX-1 and β-actin. E . Signal quantification of LOX-1 displays a dose-dependent increase in LOX-1 with exposure to ≥15 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 or HGD. (n=4-7 technical replicates). Data presented as mean +-SD. Statistical significance assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.

Article Snippet: Primary adult male HBMEC were purchased from Innoprot (Spain, Catalog number: P10361, Lot number: 111224CS).

Techniques: Western Blot, Migration, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Article Title: The Diagnostic Usefulness of HMGA2, Survivin, CEACAM6, and SFN/14-3-3 δ in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

doi: 10.4132/jptm.2015.01.31

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemistry in AG, FA, FTC and its association with histologic diagnosis

Article Snippet: Monoclonal antibodies were used for Gal-3 (clone 9C4, Novocastra, Newcastle, United Kingdom), HBME1 (clone HBME-1, Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA), CK19 (clone RCK108, Dako), cyclin D1 (clone SP4, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), CEACAM6 (clone 9A6, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and SFN/14-3-3 δ (clone 5D7, Santacruz, Dalla, TX, USA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Article Title: The Diagnostic Usefulness of HMGA2, Survivin, CEACAM6, and SFN/14-3-3 δ in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

doi: 10.4132/jptm.2015.01.31

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagnostic values of HBME1/HMGA2 for malignancy (FTC vs FA and AG)

Article Snippet: Monoclonal antibodies were used for Gal-3 (clone 9C4, Novocastra, Newcastle, United Kingdom), HBME1 (clone HBME-1, Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA), CK19 (clone RCK108, Dako), cyclin D1 (clone SP4, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), CEACAM6 (clone 9A6, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and SFN/14-3-3 δ (clone 5D7, Santacruz, Dalla, TX, USA).

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Marker

Journal: Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Article Title: The Diagnostic Usefulness of HMGA2, Survivin, CEACAM6, and SFN/14-3-3 δ in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

doi: 10.4132/jptm.2015.01.31

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagnostic values of markers for FN (FTC and FA vs AG)

Article Snippet: Monoclonal antibodies were used for Gal-3 (clone 9C4, Novocastra, Newcastle, United Kingdom), HBME1 (clone HBME-1, Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA), CK19 (clone RCK108, Dako), cyclin D1 (clone SP4, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), CEACAM6 (clone 9A6, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and SFN/14-3-3 δ (clone 5D7, Santacruz, Dalla, TX, USA).

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Marker